PHARMACOTHERAPY OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: BEYOND THE EYE

Marianne Levon Shahsuvaryan^1*

1. MD, PhD, Dr of Sc., Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.

Corresponding Author: Marianne Levon Shahsuvaryan*, MD, PhD, Dr of Sc., Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia, Email: mar_shah@hotmail.com.

Citation: Marianne Levon Shahsuvaryan (2025).Pharmacotherapy Of Diabetic Retinopathy: Beyond The eyes. Eco Science Journal.2025 2(4).

Copyrights © 2025, Marianne Levon Shahsuvaryan. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-4.0-International-License-(CCBY-NC).

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is still one of the main causes of vision impairment in the world, is directly correlated with the rising incidence of diabetes. The purpose of this review is to assess the available data and offer a critical evaluation of the justification for contemporary pharmacotherapeutic approaches for DR around the globe. From intravitreal injections of corticosteroids and anti-VEGF medicines to new systemic and multitarget therapies, a thorough evaluation of recent clinical trials, observational studies, and expert advice shows a changing landscape of therapeutic options. These tactics are becoming more and more concentrated on treating the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, in addition to stopping the progression of the disease. This analysis emphasizes the need for customized, affordable therapies, access and compliance issues, and regional differences in treatment acceptance. In order to maximize patient results and lessen the worldwide disease burden, current research supports a multifaceted approach to DR medication that integrates both local and systemic Therapies.